Cyanide gold extraction is a common and efficient gold extraction method in gold ore processing. The process involves multiple key equipment, from crushing, grinding to leaching, adsorption, electrolysis and other links. The selection and optimization of equipment in any link directly affects the gold recovery rate and the economic benefits of the entire process. Various facilities such as crushing equipment, grinding equipment, leaching tanks, filters, adsorption towers and desorption electrolysis equipment play a vital role in the cyanide gold extraction process. This article will discuss in detail the role of these equipment and how to select appropriate equipment according to ore characteristics and process requirements to achieve the goal of efficient gold extraction and optimized production costs.
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Use the table of contents below to navigate through the guide:
01Crushing equipment in cyanidation gold extraction
Crushing equipment is an important operation in cyanide gold extraction, which directly affects the subsequent grinding efficiency and the economy of the entire gold extraction process. There are various gold mine crushing equipment, including jaw crusher, cone crusher, impact crusher, etc. They have their own advantages and application scenarios.
-Jaw crusher is widely used in the coarse crushing stage due to its simple structure, convenient maintenance and low cost;
-Cone crusher is often used in the fine crushing stage of ore. It has a high crushing ratio and good product particle size control ability, which is very suitable for cyanide leaching process with high particle size requirements.
-Impact crusher has high working efficiency and can well control the product particle size shape. It is often used in fast crushing and sand making occasions.
How to choose suitable gold mine crushing equipment?
When choosing a crusher, it is necessary to consider the physical properties of gold ore, such as hardness, toughness and water content. In addition, it is also necessary to consider the energy consumption, maintenance cost and environmental impact of the equipment.
02Grinding equipment in cyanidation gold extraction
In the cyanidation gold extraction process, the role of the grinding equipment is to grind the ore to a sufficiently fine particle size to meet the subsequent cyanidation leaching process. Commonly used grinding equipment includes ball mills, rod mills, autogenous mills and semi-autogenous mills, which can be used in different grinding stages and process ores of different particle sizes.
Ball mill: Mainly used in the fine grinding stage, it can provide a uniform grinding effect and is suitable for processing ores with higher hardness.
Rod mill: Mainly used in the coarse grinding stage, its grinding medium is steel rods, which can effectively avoid the problem of over-crushing and is suitable for processing softer ores.
In the flotation gold extraction process, grinding equipment is also an important equipment to grind the ore to a particle size suitable for flotation, because too coarse or too fine particles will have an adverse effect on flotation efficiency and gold recovery. Therefore, choosing the right type and configuration of grinding equipment is crucial to the economy and efficiency of the entire gold extraction process.
03Leaching equipment in cyanidation gold extraction
As the core equipment of the cyanidation gold extraction process, the equipment and function of the leaching tank will directly affect the gold extraction efficiency. The design of the leaching tank needs to consider factors such as the particle size of the ore, the concentration of the cyanide agent, the leaching time and the temperature to ensure that the gold can be fully dissolved and leached. The design of a typical leaching tank needs to include a stirring device to keep the slurry evenly mixed, prevent the deposition of solid particles, and promote the full contact between cyanide and gold particles. In certain cases, the leaching tank must also be equipped with a heating system to maintain a suitable leaching temperature and improve the leaching efficiency.
The leaching process also needs to control the amount of cyanide added, which is crucial to the entire gold extraction process. In order to prevent excessive use of cyanide and environmental pollution, an automated control system, concentration detection and alarm device are required.
04Filtering equipment in cyanidation gold extraction
There are various types of filters in the cyanide gold extraction process, including chamber filter presses, belt filters, vacuum filters, etc. Chamber filter presses are widely used in the solid-liquid separation process after cyanide leaching due to their simple structure, convenient operation, and high filtration efficiency. The type of filter will not only affect the efficiency of the gold extraction process, but will also directly affect the production cost and environmental performance. Therefore, when selecting equipment, factors such as ore characteristics, processing capacity, energy consumption, and maintenance costs must be considered comprehensively. For example, although the vacuum filter has high energy consumption, it has high filtration efficiency and automation, and is suitable for processing fine-grained materials. In the equipment selection and process optimization recommendations, appropriate equipment should be selected according to the characteristics of the ore, and combined with process optimization and equipment configuration recommendations to achieve the best economic benefits and environmental protection effects.
05Adsorption equipment in cyanidation gold extraction
During the gold extraction process from gold ore, the gold-cyanide complex needs to be recovered from the solution. The common method is to remove the gold-cyanide complex by adsorption on activated carbon. Common adsorption equipment includes:
Activated carbon adsorption tower (CIP): suitable for large-scale production, simple operation and high gold recovery rate.
Carbon adsorption column (CIL): can reduce processing time, suitable for situations with low gold content or fine ore, and high recovery efficiency.
Both processes rely on activated carbon, which has a strong adsorption capacity. After use, the activated carbon needs to remove the adsorbed gold through an elution tower and recover the gold through other methods. After recovery, the activated carbon usually needs to be regenerated to restore its adsorption capacity.
06Desorption electrolysis equipment for gold extraction by cyanidation
The desorption electrolysis equipment in the process of gold extraction by cyanidation is used to recover gold from activated carbon adsorbed with gold-cyanide complex. After the adsorption process, the gold-cyanide complex adsorbed on the activated carbon needs to be extracted through a desorption and electrolysis process. The desorption electrolysis equipment mainly includes an elution tower and an electrolytic cell. This desorption and electrolysis process can not only efficiently recover gold, but also allow the activated carbon to be reused. According to the characteristics of the ore and the production scale, the selection of appropriate desorption electrolysis equipment has an important impact on the gold recovery efficiency and economic benefits.
In summary, the selection and configuration of equipment in the cyanidation gold extraction process is the key to ensure the efficiency and economy of the gold extraction process. The selection of each equipment needs to be determined according to the physical properties of the ore, the production scale and the gold recovery requirements. Through reasonable equipment selection and optimization, combined with scientific process design, not only can the gold recovery rate be improved, but also energy consumption and equipment maintenance costs can be reduced, thereby achieving better economic benefits and environmental protection.
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